Mike Wood · 10 June, 2025

Rugby league is a fast, full-contact sport played between two teams of 13 players. The objective is straightforward: carry the ball over the opponent’s try line to score points, all while executing tactical plays and solid defence.

The Origins of Rugby League

Rugby league was born in Northern England on 29 August 1895, when 21 clubs split from the Rugby Football Union (RFU) due to the latter’s refusal to provide compensation to working-class players. This led to the creation of the Northern Rugby Football Union, later renamed the Rugby Football League.

From the outset, rugby league aimed to be faster and more entertaining. In 1897, the number of players per side was reduced from 15 to 13. Then in 1906, the “play-the-ball” rule was introduced, replacing contested scrums and speeding up the game’s pace.

Rugby league quickly spread beyond England’s borders. The first international test match took place in 1907 between Great Britain and New Zealand. By 1908, the game was firmly established in Australia and New Zealand, where it remains hugely popular.

Rugby League vs Rugby Union - What’s the Difference?

At first glance, rugby league and rugby union seem similar. They share the same origins and are played with an oval ball on a rectangular field. However, the differences lie in the rules and flow of the game:

• Tackles: In rugby union, the tackle is contested. After a tackle, the ball carrier must release the ball and both teams compete for possession in a ruck - a cluster of players pushing over the ball. In rugby league, tackles are uncontested; once tackled, the defending team retreats 10 metres while the attacking team restarts play with a “play-the-ball”.

• Scrums & Lineouts: Rugby union features competitive scrums and lineouts as key parts of the game. Rugby league uses scrums mainly to restart play, and does not have lineouts. When the ball goes out, possession goes to the opposing team for a scrum.

• Players & Points:

Rules and Format of the Game

How Long Is a Rugby League Game?

A standard rugby league match lasts 80 minutes, split into two 40-minute halves with a 10-minute half-time break. The clock stops for injuries, substitutions, and video referee reviews, ensuring the game fits within this timeframe.

How Many Players Are on a Rugby League Team?

Each team fields 13 players with 4 substitutes available during the game. Teams are split into:

• Forwards (6 players): Typically larger, they focus on gaining ground and making tackles.

• Backs (7 players): Usually faster and more agile, responsible for exploiting space and scoring tries.

Rugby League Positions

Backs (1-7):

1. Fullback - The last line of defence; fields kicks and supports attacking plays.
2. Right Wing - Typically one of the fastest players; responsible for scoring tries and supporting fullbacks.
3. Right Centre - Strong and strategic; works with wingers to breach defence.
4. Left Centre - Mirrors the right centre’s role on the opposite side.
5. Left Wing - Typically one of the fastest players; finishing attacking moves and supporting fullbacks.
6. Stand-Off or Five-Eighth - Creative playmaker and second receiver; skilled passer and runner.
7. Scrum Half or Halfback - Team’s general, directing play and managing game tempo.

Forwards (8-13):

8. Prop - Big and powerful, driving the ball forward and tackling hard.
9. Hooker - Central player who feeds scrums and acts as dummy half.
10. Prop - Partner to #8, providing strength and momentum.
11. Second Row Forward - Combines strength and mobility, working with backs.
12. Second Row Forward - Similar to #11, breaking through defensive lines.
13. Loose Forward (Lock) - A versatile player linking forwards and backs.

Rugby League Gear and Essentials

To play rugby league safely and at your best, having the right kit is essential. The sport is fast, physical, and demanding, so your gear needs to provide protection, comfort, and durability. From the ball to the boots, every piece plays an important role in your performance on the field.

Rugby League Ball: More than just an oval shape, it’s carefully designed to enhance grip, handling, and passing accuracy.

Different balls serve different purposes:

• Training balls are designed for durability with synthetic materials.
• Match balls use natural rubber for better grip, reserved for official games.
• Replica balls offer the feel of match balls and are great for practice or as fan memorabilia.

Headguards: Made with foam or gel padding to reduce impact and lower the risk of cuts or concussions.

Mouthguards: Protect teeth and jaws by absorbing impacts, reducing dental injuries.

Protection Vests: Lightweight armour worn under jerseys, common in training and permitted in matches.

Rugby League Boots: Selection depends on position and field conditions. Comfort, grip, and support are key.

Rugby League Shorts: Durable and flexible shorts designed to allow freedom of movement throughout the game.

Rugby League in New Zealand

Rugby league has cemented itself as a cornerstone of New Zealand’s sporting culture. Since its introduction in the early 1900s, the sport has evolved from grassroots clubs to highly competitive professional teams, fostering community spirit and national pride alike.

Key regions where rugby league thrives include:

• Auckland - A hotbed for talent and home to numerous clubs and development programmes.

• Wellington - Growing leagues and passionate supporters keep the sport strong in the capital.

• Canterbury - A region with a rich history of producing skilled players.

• Bay of Plenty - Known for nurturing young talent and local competitions.

The most prominent team representing New Zealand in the international rugby league arena is the One New Zealand Warriors, competing in the Australian National Rugby League (NRL). On the international stage, the Kiwis (men’s national team) and the Kiwi Ferns (women’s national team) proudly carry the flag, showcasing New Zealand Rugby League's prowess to the world.

Getting Involved: Rugby League for Kids and Local Communities

Rugby league is far more than a professional sport in New Zealand - it’s part of everyday Kiwi life and culture. The game is introduced early through physical education in schools, regional competitions, and youth development programmes that focus on skill-building, teamwork, and discipline.

Community rugby league clubs are widespread across the country - from Auckland and Wellington to Canterbury and beyond - providing opportunities for players of all ages and abilities. Whether it’s your child’s first time learning the game, a teenager aiming to develop skills and compete, or an adult keen to join a social or amateur league, rugby league welcomes everyone.

Joining a club means more than just playing; it’s about being part of a whanau, making new friends, staying active, and experiencing the joy and camaraderie that rugby league brings. Whatever your background or experience, there’s a place for you in New Zealand’s rugby league community.